This study examines housing options for international students in Australia, comparing purpose-built student accommodation (PBSA), co-living spaces, build-to-rent (BtR) developments, and private rentals based on affordability, accessibility, and student well-being.
The research employs qualitative comparative analysis using secondary data from peer-reviewed articles, government reports, and statistical databases. The findings reveal that while PBSAs and co-living spaces offer superior living experiences, they are limited in supply and often unaffordable for low-income students. BtR developments provide moderate affordability and stability but lack a community focus and are concentrated in major cities. Private rentals, though widely available, are often unaffordable, insecure, and of inconsistent quality. The study highlights significant affordability issues and geographic disparities, with international students often spending 30–50% of their income on housing, far exceeding the 30% “housing stress” threshold.
To address these challenges, the study recommends PBSAs, BtR developments, and innovative solutions such as AI-driven housing allocation, blockchain-based rental agreements, and flexible leasing models. These recommendations aim to increase housing options and improve affordability and accessibility.
The study concludes that a multi-stakeholder approach involving government agencies, universities, and private developers is essential to create a secure, accessible, and student-friendly housing environment. Implementing rent regulations, expanding the supply of affordable housing, and strengthening university-backed housing support can enhance the housing experience for international students, thereby improving their academic performance and mental well-being in Australia.
